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Genetic engineering is the altering of chromosomal material. This means that bits of DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid) are separated, rearranged or transferred from one cell to another. This is beneficial because it provides possibilities that would have been unlikely to occur through the natural process.
The discovery of the structure of DNA in 1953 eventually led biochemists Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen to develop the techniques of genetic engineering in the early 1970s. Recognizing the extraordinary power and potential danger of this new technology, scientists agreed to a temporary moratorium on further research until guidelines could be developed to minimize the risk of a genetically engineered organism accidentally escaping into the wild. But biotechnology continued to advance rapidly when the moratorium ended just a year later.

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